Interleukins: Key Players in Immunity and Disease

Interleukins (IL) are a group of cytokines initially believed to be expressed solely by leukocytes, but they are now known to be produced by a variety of cells of the body. These proteins are crucial for activating and differentiating immune cells and play roles in cell proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They possess both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties, making them essential for modulating growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. By binding to high-affinity receptors on cell surfaces, interleukins can trigger numerous reactions in cells and tissues. (Vaillant & Qurie, 2022)

ScienCell currently offers the following Interleukins growth factors:

Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 (rhIL-2, Catalog #101-02) is a powerful immunoregulatory lymphokine produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. It is expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. IL-2/IL-2R signaling is required for T-cell proliferation and other fundamental functions which are essential for the immune response. The receptor for IL-2 consists of three subunits (55 kDa IL-2Rα, 75 kDa IL2Rβ, and 64 kDa common gamma chain γc/IL-2Rγ) that are present on the cell surface in varying preformed complexes. Mature human IL-2 shares 56 % and 66 % amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-2, respectively. Human and mouse IL-2 exhibit cross-species activity. IL-2 is critical in any research involving T-cell biology, immune regulation, and therapies aiming to enhance or suppress immune responses.

Recombinant Human Interleukin-3 (rhIL-3, Catalog #101-03), a type of biological signal (cytokine) which is encoded by the IL-3 gene located on chromosome 5 and produced primarily by activated T cells as well as by human thymic epithelial cells, activated murine mast cells, murine keratinocytes and neurons/astrocytes. The protein acts in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of two related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. Human IL-3 is reported to be a monomer. Specifically, human and murine IL-3 share low homology, and it does not show activity on murine cells. IL-3 is essential for studies involving blood cell development, especially in stem cell differentiation and immune system regulation.

Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 (rhIL-6, Catalog #101-06) is an interleukin that in humans is encoded by the IL-6 gene and acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response. Furthermore, it plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. It also induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation. It acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. The human IL-6 is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 183 amino acids and it signals through a cell-surface type I cytokine receptor complex consisting of the ligand-binding IL-6Rα chain (CD126), and the signal- transducing component gp130 (also called CD130). The human IL-6 shares about 40% a.a. sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-6 and it is equally active on mouse and rat cells. IL-6 is vital for studies related to inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and cancer biology.

Recombinant Human Interleukin-11 (rhIL-11, Catalog #101-11) Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is encoded by the IL11 gene and is a member of IL-6 superfamily, distinguished by their use of the common co-receptor gp130. It is a multifunctional cytokine first isolated from bone marrow-derived stromal cells. IL-11 receptor activation requires formation of a complex of two IL-11 molecules with two molecules of the ligand-binding IL-11Rα subunit and two molecules of the expressed cell signaling β subunit, gp130. The functions of IL-11 are that it directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells, and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production. IL-11 is crucial for research focused on tissue repair, bone health, and immune regulation in the context of inflammation and injury.

We are providing these commonly used four ILs for research purposes including immunology and inflammation, cancer, infectious diseases, neuroscience, metabolic disorders, allergy & asthma, etc.

More interleukins are launching soon!

For queries, please email sales@sciencellonline.com

Reference

Vaillant, A. a. J., & Qurie, A. (2022, August 22). Interleukin. StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499840/

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