重组小鼠粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF acts as a prosurvival factor and activates effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils. It promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity. The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled α-helices. Mature mouse GM-CSF shares 49% - 54% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, human, and porcine GM-CSF and 69% with rat GM-CSF. The activity of GM-CSF is species specific between human and mouse. Mouse GM-CSF is only weakly active on rat cells, although rat GM-CSF is fully active on mouse cells.

GM-CSF最初被鉴定为一种能够在体外支持粒细胞-巨噬细胞祖细胞集落形成的因子。同时，它也是红系细胞、巨核细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞祖细胞的生长因子。GM-CSF可由T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞及脂肪细胞在细胞因子或炎症刺激下产生。

在成熟造血细胞中，GM-CSF作为一种促存活因子，能够激活粒细胞、单核/巨噬细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞的效应功能。它还可促进偏向Th1型的免疫反应、血管生成、过敏性炎症以及自身免疫反应的发生。分子量约为22 kDa的糖基化GM-CSF与IL-3和IL-5类似，属于具有四个束状α螺旋核心结构的细胞因子。

成熟小鼠GM-CSF与犬、猫、人及猪来源的GM-CSF在氨基酸序列上具有约49%–54%的同源性，与大鼠GM-CSF具有约69%的同源性。GM-CSF的活性具有物种特异性：小鼠GM-CSF对大鼠细胞仅表现出较弱活性，而大鼠GM-CSF对小鼠细胞则具有完全活性。